ABSTRACT
This survey research aims to analyse the application of halal practices on the terasi (shrimp paste) processing industry in Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. The location was determined purposively because it is the centre of the largest shrimp paste processing industry in the province. There’re 10 of 54 the total shrimp paste processing companies were sampled: two large companies, two medium companies, and six small companies. Data was collected by interviewing the owner of the company as a respondent, using a questionnaire guide. Data of halal practices refer to the Halal Fatwa Standardization of the Indonesian Ulema Council, include: manufacturer management, physical facilities, production equipment facilities, processing procedure, and storage procedures. Data processing used descriptive statistical methods with SPSS version 25. The results showed that the halal practices application level on the shrimp paste processing industries in Rokan Hilir was still low, the average is only 67.10%. The application rate showed that large companies (69.66%), small companies (50.66%), and medium (94.98%). The low application of halal practices in shrimp processing largecompanies, because the owner come from non-Muslim circles so they don’t understand well the principles of halal. Meanwhile in small companies, it’s caused by limited capital, especially to build processing facilities whose quality’s standard and could be well controlled. This phenomenon’s worried because it could threaten the sustainability of the shrimp paste processing industry in Rokan Hilir in the future. The last, the products’re marketed to Java Island, Indonesia and Malaysia, which are Muslim dominantly.

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ABSTRACT
A survey research on the blood cocle (Anadara granosa) business was conducted in Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia in June-July 2020. The research objective was to formulate a strategy to develop the blood cockle business, in order to increase the income of fishermen’s families. Interviews were conducted with 10 respondents of blood cocle cultivators, local government, fisheries office, traders and blood cockle exporters. Data were analyzed using the SWOT analysis method (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Thereats). The results showed that the land used for the cultivation of blood cockle in Rokan Hilir was only 10% of the 12,434 hectare. The number of blood cockle cultivators in this area is only 250 people, the export volume of blood cockle is 450 tons per month (IDR 5.5 billion). The future strategy for developing a blood cockle business is: (1) increasing the productivity of blood cocle by increasing business capital, expanding cultivation land, and receiving government assistance; (2) improve the quality of blood cockles, both in terms of size and freshness when marketed; and (3) self-seeding blood cockle.
Keyword: business, strategy, blood cockles, cultivation, income, coastal communities.

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ABSTRACT
This survey research was conducted in June 2020 in Riau Province. The research objective was to analyze the utilization of fisheries cyber extension, in particular the website of MFCE (Marine and Fisheries Cyber Extension), which is managed by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia (KKP-RI). Besides, another objective was to analyze the influence of the fisheries extension material contents presented on this website, to increase the knowledge of freshwater fish cultivators. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 259fish cultivators who were respondents. Data were analysed using two methods, namely quantitative descriptive analysis; and Paired Sample T-Test using SPSS Statistics 25 software. The results showed that fish cultivators were on average young (36.20 years), middle-educated (62.20percent), moderately experienced (5.67 years), and had few household members (3.70 persons). The dominant types of fish cultivated are Patin (Pangasius pangasius) 35.10 percent, Catfish (Clarias batrachus) 19.30 percent, Tilapia (Tilapia nilotica L.) 17.80 percent, and Gourami (Osphyronemus gouramy) 10.80 percent. Meanwhile, the investment value of the business is generally <IDR 50 million (49%), and IDR 100-150 million (40.20%). Most of the fish cultivators (72%), use four types of social media, namely website, WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram. Most of them access the MFCE KKPRI website for <300 minutes per day (70.27%), but 28.57% access 420-479 minutes per day. The results of the T-test on the difference in knowledge offish cultivators between before and after accessing the website shows that the t-count value is 22,160 > t-table (1,660) with sig. 0.00 <0.05. This means that the fisheries extension material contents published on the MFCE KKP-RI website have a significant influence on increasing the knowledge of fish cultivators.
Keyword: fisheries cyber extension; aquaculture; website; MFCE; Riau Province

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ABSTRACT
Microencapsulation is a promising approach in drug delivery to protect the drug from degradation and allow controlled release of the drug in the body. Fucoxanthin-loaded microsphere (F-LM) was fabricated by two step w/o/w double emulsion solvent evaporation method with poly (L-lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) as carrier. The effect of four types of surfactants (PVA, Tween-20, Span-20 and SDS), homogenization speed, and concentration of PLGA polymer and surfactant (PVA), respectively, on particle size and morphology of F-LM were investigated. Among the surfactants tested, PVA showed the best results with smallest particle size (9.18 µm) and a smooth spherical surface. Increasing the homogenization speed resulted in a smaller mean F-LM particle size [d(0.50)] from 17.12 to 9.18 µm. Best particle size results and good morphology were attained at homogenization speed of 20 500 rpm. Meanwhile, increased PLGA concentration from 1.5 to 11.0 (% w/v) resulted in increased F-LM particle size. The mean particle size [d(0.5)] of F-LM increased from 3.93 to 11.88 µm. At 6.0 (% w/v) PLGA, F-LM showed the best structure and external morphology. Finally, increasing PVA concentration from 0.5 to 3.5 (% w/v) resulted in decreased particle size from 9.18 to 4.86 µm. Fucoxanthin characterization before and after microencapsulation was carried out to assess the success of the microencapsulation procedure. Thermo gravimetry analysis (TGA), glass transition (Tg) temperature of F-LM and fucoxanthin measured using DSC, ATR-FTIR and XRD indicated that fucoxanthin was successfully encapsulated into the PLGA matrix, while maintaining the structural and chemical integrity of fucoxanthin.

Keyword: fisheries cyber extension; aquaculture; website; MFCE; Riau Province

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Water with special healing properties has been reported for generations to contain health benefi ts and abilities to cure diseases. Water from locations including Nordenau in Germany and Lourdes in Paris have been analysed to deduce the special characteristics of the water that provide the healing properties. In this study, natural bedrock underground water from Baegunsan mountain in Idong- myeon, Pocheon- si, Gyeonggi- go, Korea was analysed for benefi cial properties. The alkalescent hydrogen-water which is termed TaeCheongsu water was tested for superoxide anion radical scavenging activities (SOSA), size of water molecules, active hydrogen content, hydrogen peroxide degradation capability and dissolved oxygen content. The results for TaeCheongsu water was compared against tap water, Stephan water, Nordenauer water and Lourdes water. TaeCheongsu water showed superior results compared to other healing waters and against controls across all tests. Therefore, TaeCheongsu healing water is a high quality water with potential benefi ts for health.
Keywords: Healing Water, SOSA, Reduced Water, Health Benefits

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Currently the publication of the Q4 journal is not yet available.

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this survey is to see how the aquaculture cyber extension materials on the MFCE (Marine and Fisheries Cyber Extension) website affect the attitudes and behavior of freshwater fish farmers in Riau Province, Indonesia. Using Isaac and Michael’s table, a sample of 259 fish farmers who used the MFCE website was used. The data and information were gathered via a closed questionnaire that was purposive proportionally distributed to respondents in ten districts. With the help of SPSS 25 software, the data were analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test. The findings concluded that the MFCE website’s cyber aquaculture extension content was able to change the attitudes of fish producers in Riau Province. This is possible because the extension materials are engaging, simple to comprehend, and tailored to their specific needs. Results also showed that the extension materials do not change their behavior regarding how a freshwater aquaculture business is managed. This may be happen because the material presented is not in accordance with the needs of fish farmers, especially fish species, water quality management, feed management, and fish marketing.
Keywords: freshwater aquaculture, media impact, MFCE website, non-formal education

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ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyse the content of freshwater aquaculture cyber-extension materials presented on the MFCE website, which the Indonesian government controls. The research sample is all extension materials presented during 2013-2017, comprising of 183 titles of text, 29 titles of graphics, and 53 titles of video—sample selection by the census. The NVivo 12 Plus software was used to analyse the fish species, aquaculture management, extension material nature, and media element size presented on the website. The results showed that the three media (text, graphic, and video) presented all the six fish species of high economic value. The videos presented 58.49% about the nile tilapia (Tilapia nilotica) species, while graphics and texts presented more on catfish (Clarias batrachus), almost 60% on average. These media also presented all the seven aquaculture management elements. Graphics and texts presents more about pond preparation, while the videos presents more about fish feed management. The texts and graphics extension media size are quate ideal. Most of the text material are 700-1,700 words, and the graphic measures 380×285 pixels (two-thirds of the gadget screen). At the same time, the video duration is ideal (4.5 – 9 minutes), there are very few, only 33.96%. Most of the extension materials are in the form of recommendations, and not problem-solving. This research can there are a guide in designing a ideal content of aquaculture fisheries extension materials in Indonesia.
Keyword: Content analysis; cyber extension; freshwater aquaculture; MFCE website.

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ABSTRACT
The present study aims to analyze local wisdom about sharia values, social values, and sustainable fisheries principles developed in the fishing communities of Panjang Island, Aia Bangih, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using the Snowball sampling technique by conducting in-depth interviews with various stakeholders. The study results show that the local wisdom of Lombada has developed for more than 100 years. The sharia value in Lombada is infaq (charity fund), which is money donated by fishermen to the poor or mosque. There are three forms of infaq paid by fishermen, namely: all fishermen donate 5% of the proceeds from the sale of their fish for the construction and operational costs of the mosque; the fisherman who gets a lot of fish pays the food and drink bills for all the fishermen who hang out at the local coffee shop; fishermen who are building or repairing boats on the island, donate 30 liters of diesel fuel a day while they are there to operate the electricity generator for village lighting. Lombada also has social values, such as praying together for the safety of every newly built and operated fishing boat, helping to repair damaged fishing boats, searching for fishing boats that were washed away or lost due to accidents at sea, and togetherness in fishing. The principles of sustainable fisheries in the local wisdom of Lombada, among others, regulate the use of boat size, the number of light fishing gear, and the size of the scoop net as fishing gear. The impact of this policy is that the catch of fishermen increases every year, and its sustainability is maintained.
Keywords: local wisdom, lombada, sharia value, social value, sustainable fishing.

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ABSTRACT
The purpose of the study was to analyse the impact of social activities related to cultivation and outside the cultivation business as well as economic activities before and after covid-19. The method used in this research is a survey method. Data collection was carried out on 20 farmers, three fish seller, and two fish feed sellers. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that before the pandemic, 80% of FNC cultivators’ social activities were done face-to-face and after the pandemic, only 40% were face-to-face and the rest were through mobile phones. Social activities outside the FNC such as worship, marriage and other attendance frequency is reduced by 5% – 25% after the pandemic. The economic activity of aquaculture has decreased after the Covid-19 outbreak by 50% in 2020 and 37.5% in 2021. In 2021 cultivators have made a profit but it is lower than the profit before the covid-19 pandemic. The economic activity of aquaculture has decreased after the Covid-19 outbreak by 50% in 2020 and 37.5% in 2021. In 2021 cultivators have made a profit but it is lower than the profit before the covid-19 pandemic. The economic activity of aquaculture has decreased after the Covid-19 outbreak by 50% in 2020 and 37.5% in 2021. In 2021 cultivators have made a profit but it is lower than the profit before the covid-19 pandemic.

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ABSTRACT
This survey study aims to analyse the role of communication as a mediator of the commitment effect on the marine fish supply chain performance to bangliau (distributors’ fish landing site) in Bagansiapiapi, Riau Province, Indonesia. The unit of analysis for this study was 40 units bangliau, namely a place of collection, distribution, and marketing of fish. Respondents were 40 bangliau owners/managers who were taken by the census method. The data was collected using a closed questionnaire, containing several statements measured by a 5-point Likert scale. The data collected includes communication (language, clarity of message content, communication frequency, decision without pressure, and communicates honesty); commitment (affective, avoiding opportunists, normative, continuous improvement, goal oriented, confidence); and supply chain performance (the smoothness of the goods flow, money flow, and information flow). There were two hypotheses proposed in this study: commitment has a positive and significant effect on the marine fish supply chain performance in bangliau (H1); and commitment mediated by communication has a positive and significant effect on the marine fish supply chain performance in bangliau (H1a). The data were analysed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method, using the Smart Partial Least Square (SmartPLS) software version 3.0. The results show that commitment has a significant effect on the marine fish supply chain performance, but the role of communication as a mediator can further increase the commitment effect. The reason is that communication can increase understanding and help equalize perceptions of the marine fish supply chain among the entities involved.

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ABSTRACT
Indragiri Hilir (Inhil) Regency is one of the most promising capture fisheries production centers in Riau Province, Indonesia, because it is close to the South China Sea. Most of the marine fish production is exported to Singapore and Malaysia. However, the sustainability of exports is heavily reliant on the availability of fish stocks. The majority of Inhil fishermen have small capitals and are dispersed throughout the outer islands, which have limited infrastructure. The continuity of their business is highly dependent on the tauke (Indonesian citizen financiers of Chinese descent), and their relationship is established on the basis of trust. The research aimed to analyze the role of trust mediation in the effect of business capital, production factors, and government support on the marine fish supply chain performance, in Indragiri Hilir Riau, Indonesia. Respondents were determined to be 95 out of 5,563 fishers spread across four districts in Indragiri Hilir, each of Tanah Merah, Sei Batang, Kuala Indragiri, and Mandah. Respondents were determined using the Sample Size Calculator method with a 95% confidence level and a 10% margin of error, while the collection of respondents was carried out purposefully and proportionally in the sub-districts. Data collection used a closed questionnaire, containing statements about variables. Respondents’ answers were measured with a 5-point Likert scale, consisting of: strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), undecided (3), agree (4), and strongly agree (5). Data analysis was based on the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method, using the Smart-PLS software. Business capital has a direct effect on the performance of the fish supply chain (SC) in Inhil, but through the mediation of trust it has an effect. Production factors have a direct effect on the performance of SC fish, but through mediation, trust has no effect. Government support, both directly and through mediation, has a positive and significant effect on fish SCM in Inhil.

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ABSTRACT
This survey research was conducted in Panipahan, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia on 1 March – 15 July 2019. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of marine fish export companies, to analyze the management of marine fish exports, and to analyze the contribution of marine fish exports in Panipahan. Respondents consisted of 10 fishermen are determined purposively, and two export companies taken by census. The data collected is analyzed using descriptive methods. The results showed that the marine fish export from Panipahan to Malaysia carried out by two companies. The frequency exports is 15 times a month. The average volume of fish per export is 43.22 tons. The types of fish that are exported are senangin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), kembung (Scromberomorus sp.), bawal (Pampus argenteus), kelong shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus), and bawal bintang (Manta sp.). The contribution of foreign exchange from fish exports of Panipahan was IDR15.322 billion or 38% of the total foreign exchange contributed by Rokan Hilir (IDR40.320 billion).

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ABSTRACT
This survey research was conducted in Bagansiapiapi, Rokan Hilir Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia on February – August 2019. The research objective was to analyze: (1) The parties involved in the supply chain of shrimp (Panaesius monodon); (2) Patterns of shrimp flow, money flow, and information flow in the shrimp’s supply chain; and (3) The efficiency level of the shrimp’s supply chain in fish storage shed of “Mara” (Bangliau Mara), Bagansiapiapi. The results showed that, the flow pattern of shrimp products, starts from fishermen to Bangliau Mara, agents, retailers, along-along and consumers. The pattern of money flow, started from consumers, to retailers, along-along, agents, Bangliau Mara, and fishermen. While the pattern of information flow, take place both ways (reciprocity) between the entities. The efficiency level of shrimp’s supply chain in Bangliau Mara at each agent towards the end consumers, mostly efficient.

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ABSTRACT
This study aims to determine the profit level of business-scale fish cultivators and changes in the ownership structure of aquaculture businesses before and during the pandemic in Maninjau Lake. The method used is a survey method. Primary data collection was carried out by oral and telephone interviews with cultivators and key informants. The number of respondents was determined intentionally by considering the representativeness of the population, time, and research costs. The analytical approach uses the cost and income method as well as frequency, average, and percentage analysis. The results of the study show that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decrease in the level of profit for aquaculture businesses. In 2020, micro-scale fish cultivators experienced a greater decline in profit levels compared to other businesses. The same happened in 2021. This situation caused a decrease in the number of micro and small-scale fish cultivators, while medium and large-scale fish cultivators have not changed. However, the number of Floating Net Cage (FNC) plots for medium and large scale cultivators has increased. The increase in the number of FNC plots for medium and large scale fish cultivators has led to changes in the structure of business ownership. Before the pandemic, the percentage of small and micro-scale FNC business ownership was 79% and during the pandemic it was reduced to 71%. On the other hand, the ownership structure of medium and large-scale fish cultivators during the pandemic increased from 21% to 29%.
Key Words: business scale, cost, fish cultivator, FNC, income.

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ABSTRACT
Gelatin is one of the most widely used food ingredients, with wide applications in the food industry. It was reported that 41% of the gelatin produced in the world is sourced from pig skin, 28.5% from bovine hides and 29.5% from bovine bones. However, factors such as the outbreak of BSE (a.k.a. mad cow disease) and increasing demand for non-mammalian gelatin for halal and kosher food markets have revived interest in gelatin replacers from plant sources. In this study, we have successfully extracted valuable pectin-as gelatin replacer–from various types of plant wastes. Pectin is a high value functional food ingredient widely used as a gelling agent and stabilizer. It is also an abundant, ubiquitous and multifunctional component of the cell walls of all land plants. Mango peel was screened as the ideal source for high-yield (36.6%) pectin of satisfactory quality. The results indicate that citric acid was the best solution for recovery of pectin from mango peels. An extraction temperature of 90°C and pH 2 provided the optimum conditions for maximum yield of pectin. The resulting crude mango peel pectin (CMPP) was analyzed for physicochemical parameters. The results indicated values for ash content (0.0412%), moisture content (0.303%), viscosity (45.18%), galacturonic acid content (36.8-37.2-40%) and degree of esterification (38.3-41%). Following analysis of its gelling properties and sensory evaluation, CMPP has good potential to be applied in the food industry as a low-methoxyl pectin and a cheap source of gelatin replacer for jam preparations.
Keyword: Gelatin replacer, Mango peel, Sensory properties, Viscosity

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ABSTRACT
Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction of fucoxanthin is more advantageous over conventional solvent extraction as it is less toxic, less hazardous to the environment and preserves the bioactivity of fucoxanthin. A face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for SC-CO2 extraction of oils and fucoxanthin from the brown seaweed Sargassum binderi, with ethanol as a co-solvent. Three independent parameters namely, extraction temperature (A: 40, 50, 60°C), pressure (B: 2900, 3625, 4350 psig and particle size (C: 90, 500 and 1000 μm) were investigated to optimize extraction oil yields (EOY) and fucoxanthin yields (FY). A regression model was developed, tested for quality of fit (R²) and expressed in the form of 3D response surface curve and 2D contour. The optimum extraction conditions were obtained at extraction temperature (A) 50°C, pressure (B) 3625 psig and particle size (C) 500 μm. Under these conditions, optimal EOY and FY were 10.04 mg/g and 3188.99 μg/g, respectively. The difference between the lowest and the highest response in EOY and FY were 5.44 – 10.04 mg/g and 2109.10 – 3188.90 μg/g, respectively. The lowest yields were identified at 60°C, 2900 psig and 1000 μm. The regression models generated showing interactions between the variables and EOY and FY response were significant as tested by ANOVA (p < 0.0005 and p < 0.0007, respectively) with high R² values (0.9848 and 0.9829, respectively). Interactions between the parameters had a strong synergistic effect on EOY and FY values, as indicated by the 3D response surface curve and 2D contour. The experimental results matched the predicted results closely. This indicated the suitability of the models developed and the success of FCCCD under RSM in optimizing the S. binderi extraction conditions.
Keyword: Fucoxanthin, Phaeodactylum Tricornutum, Carotenoid

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The present study was conducted to investigate the antioxidative behaviour of four local plant extracts in Malaysia– red spinatch (Amarantus gangeticus), “kucai” (Allium odorum), Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis), and “kesom” (Polygonum minus)– in palm olein system and in a linoleic acid model system. The antioxidative capacities of these local plants were then compared to the activity of rosemary and sage, two types of antioxidant commonly found in the market. From the analysis using Oxigen Consumption Method, it was found that among the samples evaluated, red spinatch had the longest time to reach the 50% oxygen in the chamber, with 110 min, meaning that this sample had the highest level of antioxidative activity. This was followed by the extracts of Chinese cabbage (80 min), “kucai” (60 min), and “kesom” (40 min). The antioxidative activities of these plants, however, were lower than those of rosemary and sage. These commercial antioxidants were found to have 150 and 130 min time, respectively, to reach the 50% oxygen in the chamber. Results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that addition of red spinatch and Chinese cabbage extract samples to the oil in the system reduced the oxidation as evidenced by longer To of antioxidants-treated samples. The onset time (To) of the oxidation reaction corresponded closely to the intersection of the extrapolated baseline and the tangent line (leading edge) of the exotherm, meaning that the longer To, the greater the antioxidative activity of a sample. Statistical analysis from this study showed that there was no significant difference between To of red spinatch and those of rosemary and sage. This meant that the antioxidative activity of red spinacth samples was comparable to the activities of rosemary and sage. The antioxidative activities of Chinese cabbage, “kucai” and “kesom” were also much higher than that of control. The finding from this study indicated that all samples used in this study had very good potential to be explored as sources of natural antioxidants.
Keyword: Oxidative behavior, edible plants, model system, red spinatch

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ABSTRACT
Gastrodin elata blume (Tianma in Chinese, Chunma in Korean) is a perennial parasitic herbaceous plant native to Korea, Japan and China (Chae et al., 2008). The plant has recently received very good attention, especially in Korea, due to its excellent health-promoting properties. This plant is reported to have excellent antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. This paper briefly reviews some characteristics and functional properties of Chunma.
Keyword: Chunma, Antioxidants, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Korea

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